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class="word-count">1k</span><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="far fa-clock fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读时长:</span><span>4分钟</span></span><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-pv-cv" id="" data-flag-title=""><i class="far fa-eye fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读量:</span><span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"></span></span></div></div></div></header><main class="layout" id="content-inner"><div id="post"><article class="post-content" id="article-container"><h3 id="1-指定配置文件"><a href="#1-指定配置文件" class="headerlink" title="1 指定配置文件"></a>1 指定配置文件</h3><p>开发环境我们通常不专门修改核心配置文件，而是指定特定配置。指定的命令即 ./nginx -c xx.file</p>
<h3 id="2-日志切割"><a href="#2-日志切割" class="headerlink" title="2 日志切割"></a>2 日志切割</h3><p>Nginx的日志都会存放在access.log文件中，文件过大时，不利于运维人员排查问题，因此可以将日志文件拆分，以天为单位，保存一个日志文件。</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/dtyytop/blogimage/raw/master/img/4510_1.png" alt="4510_1"></p>
<ol>
<li>创建shell脚本，用于拆分当前的access.log文件。</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-shell" data-language="shell"><code class="language-shell"><span class="token shebang important">#!/bin/bash </span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">LOG_PATH</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"/var/log/nginx/"</span> 
<span class="token assign-left variable">RECORD_TIME</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">$(</span><span class="token function">date</span> -d <span class="token string">"yesterday"</span> +%Y-%m-%d+%H:%M<span class="token variable">)</span></span> 
<span class="token assign-left variable">PID</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid 
<span class="token function">mv</span> <span class="token variable">${LOG_PATH}</span>/access.log <span class="token variable">${LOG_PATH}</span>/access.<span class="token variable">${RECORD_TIME}</span>.log 
<span class="token function">mv</span> <span class="token variable">${LOG_PATH}</span>/error.log <span class="token variable">${LOG_PATH}</span>/error.<span class="token variable">${RECORD_TIME}</span>.log 

<span class="token comment">#向Nginx主进程发送信号，用于重新打开日志文件 </span>
<span class="token function">kill</span> -USR1 <span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">`</span><span class="token function">cat</span> $PID<span class="token variable">`</span></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<ol start="2">
<li><p>添加权限，并且执行。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">chmod +x cut_nginx_log.sh
./cut_nginx_log.sh<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/dtyytop/blogimage/raw/master/img/4512_1.png" alt="4512_1"></p>
</li>
<li><p>定时执行日志拆分任务</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">安装crontab服务
# yum install crontabs

每天23点59份执行
# crontab -e 
59 23 */1 * * /usr/local/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

重启服务
# service crond restart
# crontab -l<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>贴出crontab命令</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">crontab -e // 编辑定时任务
crontab -l // 查看任务列表
service crond start //启动服务
service crond stop //关闭服务
service crond restart //重启服务
service crond reload //重新载入配置<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="3-Nginx发布静态资源（root与alias的使用）"><a href="#3-Nginx发布静态资源（root与alias的使用）" class="headerlink" title="3 Nginx发布静态资源（root与alias的使用）"></a>3 Nginx发布静态资源（root与alias的使用）</h3><pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">server {
    listen       9999;
    server_name  localhost;
 
    # 1. 部署前端项目
    location / {
        root   /home/resdir/shop-demo;
        index  index.html;
    }
 
    # 2. 直接路由资源路径 
    location /image {
        root   /home/resdir;
    }
 
    # 3. 使用别名路由资源
    location /static {
        alias   /home/resdir/image;
    }
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>如上，浏览器访问</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">http://localhost:9999   访问项目前端
http://localhost:9999/image/luff.jpg  访问服务器图片
http://localhost:9999/static/luff.jpg  访问服务器图片<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>通过该方式可以配置项目前端、图片、视频、音频等资源。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h4 id="设置gzip压缩"><a href="#设置gzip压缩" class="headerlink" title="设置gzip压缩"></a>设置gzip压缩</h4><p>静态资源中，CSS、图片等文件都很大，可以开启gzip压缩，以此提高传输效率，节约带宽。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none"># 开启
gzip on;
# 限制最小压缩，小于5字节不压缩
gzip_min_length 5;
# 定义压缩级别（文件越大，压缩越多，但是CPU消耗也越大）
gzip_comp_level 3;
# 定义压缩文件类型
gzip_types text/plain application/javascript application/x-javascript text/css application/xml text/javascript application/x-httpd-php image/jpeg  image/gif  image/png application/json; <span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<h3 id="4-location匹配规则"><a href="#4-location匹配规则" class="headerlink" title="4 location匹配规则"></a>4 location匹配规则</h3><p>语法规则： location [=|<del>|</del>*|^~] /uri/ {… }</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none"># = 精确匹配
location = /resdir/image/luff.jpg{
	root    /home;
}

# 以某个字符路径开头
location ^~ /image {
    root /home/resdir;
}
    
# 符合图片的显示，不区分大小写（!~* 表示不满足）
# http://192.168.233.130:9999/image/luff.JPG
location ~* .(GIF|jpg|png|jpeg) {
    root /home/resdir;
}

#GIF必须大写才能匹配到（!~ 表示不满足）
location ~ .(GIF|jpg|png|jpeg) {
    root /home/resdir;
}

# 通用配置，任何请求都会匹配到（优先级最低）
location / {
    root   /home/resdir;
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="5-切换域名映射"><a href="#5-切换域名映射" class="headerlink" title="5 切换域名映射"></a>5 切换域名映射</h3><p>通过修改hosts文件可以修改域名映射。不同环境下配置文件位置：<br>C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts\hosts<br>/etc/hosts</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">[root@192 etc]# more hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>switchhosts软件可以协助修改hosts配置。</p>
<h3 id="6-配置SSL"><a href="#6-配置SSL" class="headerlink" title="6 配置SSL"></a>6 配置SSL</h3><p>有下面几个过程</p>
<ol>
<li>添加ssl模块，编译nginx</li>
<li>针对云服务器，申请ssl证书。</li>
<li>接着配置核心文件，在server中配置<pre class="line-numbers language-nginx" data-language="nginx"><code class="language-nginx"><span class="token keyword">server</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">listen</span>       <span class="token number">9595</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">server_name</span>  www<span class="token punctuation">.</span>awecoder<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token comment"># 开启ssl</span>
    <span class="token keyword">ssl</span>     on<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment"># 配置ssl证书</span>
    <span class="token keyword">ssl_certificate</span>      <span class="token number">1</span>_www<span class="token punctuation">.</span>awecoder<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com_bundle<span class="token punctuation">.</span>crt<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment"># 配置证书秘钥</span>
    <span class="token keyword">ssl_certificate_key</span>  <span class="token number">2</span>_www<span class="token punctuation">.</span>awecoder<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token comment"># ssl会话cache</span>
    <span class="token keyword">ssl_session_cache</span>    shared<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token keyword">SSL</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">1</span>m<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment"># ssl会话超时时间</span>
    <span class="token keyword">ssl_session_timeout</span>  <span class="token number">5</span>m<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token comment"># 配置加密套件，写法遵循 openssl 标准</span>
    <span class="token keyword">ssl_protocols</span> TLSv1 TLSv1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token number">1</span> TLSv1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">ssl_ciphers</span> ECDHE<span class="token operator">-</span>RSA<span class="token operator">-</span>AES128<span class="token operator">-</span>GCM<span class="token operator">-</span>SHA256<span class="token punctuation">:</span>HIGH<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator">!</span>aNULL<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator">!</span>MD5<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator">!</span>RC4<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator">!</span>DHE<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">ssl_prefer_server_ciphers</span> on<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    
    <span class="token keyword">location</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">proxy_pass</span> <span class="token keyword">http</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token keyword">upstream</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">index</span>  <span class="token keyword">index</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>html <span class="token keyword">index</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>htm<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
 <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
参考：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://cloud.tencent.com/document/product/400/35244">https://cloud.tencent.com/document/product/400/35244</a></li>
</ol>
<h3 id="7-动静分离"><a href="#7-动静分离" class="headerlink" title="7 动静分离"></a>7 动静分离</h3><p>优势：解耦，分布式，提高访问速度，接口服务化等。<br>实现方式</p>
<ul>
<li>静态资源：CDN，静态资源部署在云服务器供应商，DNS访问最近的服务器。<br>静态资源不放到企业自身服务器中，例如引用第三方js，代码也可以经过CDN加速，访问最近资源。<pre class="line-numbers language-html" data-language="html"><code class="language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue@2.6.9/dist/vue.js<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre></li>
<li>Nginx动静分离：配置上游服务器，部署动静态资源。</li>
</ul>
<p>动静分离会遇到下面的问题：</p>
<ol>
<li>跨域：可以通过SpringBoot、Nginx、Jsonp实现</li>
<li>分布式会话：使用Redis实现。</li>
</ol>
</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta">文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="mailto:undefined">dtyy</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta">文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://dtyytop.gitee.io/2021/05/13/devnotes/ji-qun-yan-jin/nginx/1.5-nginx-chang-yong-pei-zhi/">https://dtyytop.gitee.io/2021/05/13/devnotes/ji-qun-yan-jin/nginx/1.5-nginx-chang-yong-pei-zhi/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta">版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://dtyytop.gitee.io" target="_blank">Reality</a>！</span></div></div><div class="tag_share"><div class="post-meta__tag-list"></div><div class="post_share"><div class="social-share" 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href="#2-%E6%97%A5%E5%BF%97%E5%88%87%E5%89%B2"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">2 日志切割</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-Nginx%E5%8F%91%E5%B8%83%E9%9D%99%E6%80%81%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%EF%BC%88root%E4%B8%8Ealias%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">3 Nginx发布静态资源（root与alias的使用）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AEgzip%E5%8E%8B%E7%BC%A9"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">设置gzip压缩</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-location%E5%8C%B9%E9%85%8D%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">4 location匹配规则</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-%E5%88%87%E6%8D%A2%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E6%98%A0%E5%B0%84"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span 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